Wednesday, December 11, 2013

Mark and a Theology of the Cross



            The complicated way we approach the life and ministry of Jesus is a hybrid perspective based on variations within the four gospels. It is reminiscent of the scene in the movie Talladega Nights, The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.  The characters Cal and Ricky become engrossed in their own preferred depictions of Jesus after Ricky Bobby’s prayer. During the prayer Ricky refers to Jesus as the baby Jesus, and he is scolded by a member of his family for not referring to Jesus as an adult. “Look, I like that baby version the best, and I’m sayin’ the prayer here!” To which Cal replies, “I like to picture Jesus in a tuxedo t-shirt because it says, like I wanna be formal but I like to party, too, cause I like to party.” 
            This seems to be a frequent approach to Jesus when we read our gospels. Hopefully we refrain from putting Jesus in tuxedo t-shirts, but we still have a tendency to combine multiple images of Jesus. During Lent we combine multiple discourses on the cross that are found separately through our synoptic gospels, and we refer to it as Jesus’ seven last words. Now, this isn’t an effort to discount the synoptic study of the gospels. This is an effort, however, to take an opportunity and take a step back from the text. It’s an opportunity to read the text as its own story. After all these are our stories, they are our good news. If we are to begin a journey into the gospels as a story, then Mark is a wonderful place to begin.
            Of all the gospels, Mark is one of the most mysterious. Mark is most frequently credited as the earliest of the gospels. In fact, Mark is accepted by many scholars as one of the main sources for our other gospels. Questions of when, where, and who wrote Mark’s gospel is still hotly contested among scholars, but it is widely agreed that Mark’s gospel is the closest to an original witness to Jesus’ ministry. Our early Christian church was characteristically an orally grounded tradition, and it is not until much later that our stories begin to be preserved in writing.
            The uniqueness of Mark is apparent from the very beginning. Mark’s gospel opens abruptly with a very brief introduction to John the Baptist, and then we are “immersed” right into the baptism of Jesus. Within Luke and Matthew there is a detailed account of the birth of Jesus, and within John there is a detailed introduction that prepares the reader for the Messiah with a bold preface verifying the divinity of Jesus. Mark, however, begins with a short prologue (1:1-13) that introduces Jesus as the Son of God at his baptism. Jesus is tested briefly (1:12-13), so briefly in fact that Mark’s description of Jesus’ testing isn’t even a quarter the length of Matthew or Luke’s depiction of Jesus’ testing in the wilderness. For the most part we are only informed that it did indeed happen. This is a common feature of Mark’s gospel. Mark seems to state things simply, using not only Greek but pieces of Aramaic throughout, which was the common tongue in Jesus’ day. This coupled with Jesus’ unique depiction as a tangible human character, brings Jesus closer to us as a member of humanity. Jesus becomes a character less beyond our reach, instead sharing in our human circumstance.
            Mark’s gospel is of great value in the ongoing conversation about the theology of the cross. In Mark’s gospel, we find a Jesus who suffers not only on the cross but also at the hands of humanity through varying forms of rejection. What is particularly unique about this is that Mark explores not only Jesus’ suffering but Jesus’ compassion. Mark allows the reader to explore Jesus’ emotions (10:21) and love for all of humanity. This complicates our discernment of the intended audience in Mark’s gospel. Jesus does not “play favorites” so to speak in Mark but devotes his compassion to all of humanity.
            Jesus also takes particular care within Mark’s gospel to not reveal himself, demanding those who are healed to refrain from revealing his responsibility for their healing (eg.7:36). Jesus demands that his disciples refrain from revealing his divine nature (eg. 9:9-10). The hidden identity of Jesus as the Son of God becomes one of the most consistent themes within Mark’s narrative. It is apparent in Mark’s gospel that the reign of God revealed through Jesus Christ is not to be spoon fed to the masses. Jesus is not advocating a mega church within Mark’s gospel, Jesus is drawing the true believers to revelation of God’s reign in the world.
            The hidden message of God’s reign on earth through the death and resurrection of Jesus is alluded to throughout the text. Jesus foretells of his death (9:30-32, 10:32-34, etc) throughout the text. These consistent foretellings go mostly misunderstood and unrecognized by his followers in Mark’s gospel. The most ironic aspect of Mark’s gospel is that throughout the text Jesus warns of his crucifixion. What we find in Mark's portrayal of the passion of Christ is an abrupt conclusion. The conclusion is so abrupt that additions have been made. Many scholars disagree as to whether the story has lost its ending or if this was intentional on the part of the author. 
            I would argue that this abrupt ending concludes the narrative in the same mysterious and sudden fashion we find throughout Mark. Jesus is not revealed in a glorious fashion but through his humanity. The atoning death of Jesus is not revealed to us in a grand fashion, just as Jesus’ mission is not revealed in a particularly grand fashion. We don’t find Jesus standing before us in a tuxedo t-shirt as we want. We find Jesus standing before us as he is; the Son of God in flesh and blood. This is not the beautiful vision we crave on Christmas or Easter morning. It is a dissatisfying and unsettling vision.
            Even as we find this vision to be dissatisfying, it is important to remember that this is the vision of our atoning Savior that gives hope to a suffering world. A child suffering in poverty, the prisoner who is told that he/she is the worst of society, the cancer patient who rejects the sight of a mirror, these are the followers Jesus is calling to in Mark’s gospel. Mark’s gospel is a simple narrative in comparison to Matthew, Luke, and John, but it reveals Christ in his humanity, clothed in not only flesh but also our suffering. Mark’s gospel reveals, discreetly, a true theology of the cross. Mark doesn’t reveal an end to the mission but a call to discipleship. What is unique about the open ended ending of Mark’s gospel is that it gives the reader the opportunity to be part of that discipleship. It doesn’t scream for us to follow, it whispers to those in the dark to follow the light and to seek out our risen Savior in the suffering of this world.




Sources:
Joel B. Green (ed.), Hearing the New Testament: Strategies for Interpretation, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010)  

David Rhoads, Joanna Dewey, and Donald Michie, Mark as Story: An Introduction to the Narrative of a Gospel, 3rd ed. (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012).

Marcus Borg and N. T. Wright, The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999) 

No comments:

Post a Comment